Gender determination Essay Example for Free

Gender determination Essay When an individual is born, he or she has male or female sexual organs and this determines the sex of that individual and consequently how the society expects that person to behave. Gender is different however, in that it transcends the simple biological explanation of why one is a boy and another is a girl. This paper will focus on what makes one a girl putting aside the fact that one was born one. It will also look at the possibility of an individual being born a girl but changing to become a boy. How and why this is done is also part of the discussion. Gender is described as â€Å"the socially constructed roles, behaviour, activities and attributes that a particular society considers appropriate for men and women† (http://www. who. int). This means that to be masculine or feminine depends on a society and not only on the sexual organs that one is born with. Once an individual is born, the society teaches him or her how to behave according to the expectations that specific society has for an individual belonging to his or her particular sex. Every society has some roles that are assigned to male and female members of the society and this determines whether one is male or female. The question then becomes whether one is born with his or her gender or this is learned from the society that one grows in. In my own case, attending a girl’s school determined my becoming feminine and thus becoming a girl despite the fact that I was born a girl. In the school, only girls were around and thus were the only role models that I had. This meant that I only had other girls to emulate in my behaviour and my peers were also girls so together we all aspired to be better girls. The teachers we had were also keen on ensuring that we were trained on how girls should behave in certain occasions and also which aspects were to be admired in a girl and which were abhorrent in a female. This shows that one can be trained to become feminine or masculine but it is important to note that it is not always so. This can be demonstrated by the number of girls who would get into trouble with the teachers for playing truant yet this was supposed to be an undesirable trait for girls and hence was dissuaded. These girls were given the same training as all their peers yet tended to behave differently causing one to question whether gender is completely determined by the society (Morrow 1991). Despite the question that is posed above, it is clear that girls who are educated in girl’s only schools are usually more feminine than those who attend mixed schools. This is because those in mixed schools are not controlled as much as those in girls only schools. The environment they are reared in leans more towards femininity and thus tends to discourage any behaviour that is seen to be masculine. The lack of an alternative form of behaviour leads to their feminine behaviour although some will try deviate by doing what they think others are doing elsewhere (Askew Davey 2005). This then leads to the question whether or not one can change from being a girl into a boy? Apart from the biological way, culture has two different ways of changing an individual’s gender. This can either be done by changing the culture one has been brought up in or by being brought up in an environment that emphasises the behaviour of the opposite sex (Watney 1994). Since gender is determined by the roles that a society assigns to each sex, ones gender can change depending on the culture one finds him or herself in at a particular time. Roles assigned to the sexes by different cultures differs and are interchanged whereby roles assigned to women in one culture may be assigned to men in another culture. In this way a male in one culture may be seen to be feminine in another thus changing a male into a female or vice versa. Another way that one can change ones gender is by rearing a girl in a male environment. The girl tends to adopt the masculine behaviours exhibited by her male counter parts as has been witnessed by the women who venture into fields assumed to be the male domain. This is in politics and business where women who succeed in these environments are seen to be more masculine than feminine thus changing their gender to becoming more male than female (Miller, Lewy Peckham1997). In conclusion, it is correct to say that an individual’s gender is not only determined by his or her sex but also by the culture that they have grown in. the roles that a culture assigns to an individual are used to determine femininity and masculinity of members of the society. It is possible for ones gender to be changed depending on which community one is in. Roles assigned depending on an individuals sex change according to the society. Furthermore, the environment one is in influences the behaviour one has thus influencing the gender that one belongs to. Reference 1. Askew J. Davey M. 2005, Sex Acts: Practices of Femininity and Masculinity, Archives of Sexual Behaviour Vol. 34, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks 2. Gender, World health organization retrieved on 13th April 2009 from http://www. who. int/topics/gender/en 3. Miller J. B. , Lewy J. Peckham E. 1997, Context Effects on Self-Perceptions of Feminine and Masculine Quantities, Sex: A Journal of Research Vol. 37 4. Morrow F. 1991, Unleashing Our Unknown Selves: An Inquiry into the Future of Femininity and Masculinity, Praeger Publishers 5. Watney S. 1994, Aphrodite of the Future, Artforum International Vol. 32

Essay --

The introduction of LMO offers the potential to increase the productivity of staple crops. The International Consultative Group on Agricultural Research estimates that biotechnology can help surge world food production by 25% (Prakash, 2011). In several developing countries, subsistence farmers strive in poor living, and the ability to provide enough food for survival is often less than assured. In countries such as Africa and Indonesia, Cassava plant (Manihot esculenta) is a vital source of carbohydrates, protein, calcium and vitamins A and C (Prakash, 2011). Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is another essential food that provides source of calories and essential vitamins and minerals to millions of people in the developing world. Therefore, both of the crops have plays a key role in the diet and income for farmers worldwide. According to Prakash (2011), the people of Africa have lost almost 60% of cassava crop due to mosaic virus in the year 1998. Besides, sweet potato has losing up to 80% of expected yield due to sweet potato weevil and also the feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) (Prakash, 2011). On the other hand, the European corn borer too destroys approximately 40 million tons, of the world's corn crop every year. Picture 1: Sweetpotato russett crack caused by a strain Picture 2: Distinct yellowing of Ipomea setosa leaf veins due to of SPFMV(Forestry Images, 2010). SPMMV (Sweetpotato mild mottle virus, n.d.). In this case, production of pests and diseases resistance crop by biotechnology is working to solve these problems. Insect resistance (Bt) crop has improved protection form insect invasion. Genetically modified maize is able to produce its own p... ...entional breeding methods to improve the resistance to sheath blight. Therefore, Dr Indu noted that as there is no effective chemical or agricultural practice to control the disease Mardi is now developing GM rice that could withstand sheath blight and other diseases (Khoo & Shamsudin, n.d). According to Dr Indu, this research takes six to eight years and the success depends on the trials and the stability of the incorporated gene. This proves that LMO is needed to maximize efficiency and productivity of the rice. Conversely, the controversy of LMO also originated form the business intension. Skeptics believe technology of genetic engineering has sole purpose to make profit through GM food. The excuses of reduce use of pesticide, food price and as alternative to solve poor country famine issue are just fabrication of the intention of monopoly and make huge profits. Essay -- The introduction of LMO offers the potential to increase the productivity of staple crops. The International Consultative Group on Agricultural Research estimates that biotechnology can help surge world food production by 25% (Prakash, 2011). In several developing countries, subsistence farmers strive in poor living, and the ability to provide enough food for survival is often less than assured. In countries such as Africa and Indonesia, Cassava plant (Manihot esculenta) is a vital source of carbohydrates, protein, calcium and vitamins A and C (Prakash, 2011). Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is another essential food that provides source of calories and essential vitamins and minerals to millions of people in the developing world. Therefore, both of the crops have plays a key role in the diet and income for farmers worldwide. According to Prakash (2011), the people of Africa have lost almost 60% of cassava crop due to mosaic virus in the year 1998. Besides, sweet potato has losing up to 80% of expected yield due to sweet potato weevil and also the feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) (Prakash, 2011). On the other hand, the European corn borer too destroys approximately 40 million tons, of the world's corn crop every year. Picture 1: Sweetpotato russett crack caused by a strain Picture 2: Distinct yellowing of Ipomea setosa leaf veins due to of SPFMV(Forestry Images, 2010). SPMMV (Sweetpotato mild mottle virus, n.d.). In this case, production of pests and diseases resistance crop by biotechnology is working to solve these problems. Insect resistance (Bt) crop has improved protection form insect invasion. Genetically modified maize is able to produce its own p... ...entional breeding methods to improve the resistance to sheath blight. Therefore, Dr Indu noted that as there is no effective chemical or agricultural practice to control the disease Mardi is now developing GM rice that could withstand sheath blight and other diseases (Khoo & Shamsudin, n.d). According to Dr Indu, this research takes six to eight years and the success depends on the trials and the stability of the incorporated gene. This proves that LMO is needed to maximize efficiency and productivity of the rice. Conversely, the controversy of LMO also originated form the business intension. Skeptics believe technology of genetic engineering has sole purpose to make profit through GM food. The excuses of reduce use of pesticide, food price and as alternative to solve poor country famine issue are just fabrication of the intention of monopoly and make huge profits.

Book Report-Confessions of an Economic Hitman Essay

An enthusiastic young man on the threshold of launching his career to improve his lot is probably facing the first interview of his life. He is ‘wearing the best mask’ to project himself as a suitable candidate, but he has the genuine fear that the interviewers are clever enough to find out his real inner personality. He is worried about the serious negativities within him, but as the interview progresses, he realizes to his amazement that his dark past is his asset. His misdeeds are his trophies and medals. His rebellious disposition and discourtesy to his parents are his virtues. His possible contacts with the intelligence community relating to an important enemy country carry immense weight. A few weeks after the NSA testing, I (Perkins) was offered a job to start training in the art of spying. †(Chapter 1, p. 8) Perkins must have thought, it was better to receive without deserving than to deserve without receiving! By selecting such dubious recruits for ideal management training to run the affairs of the Nation, how secure is the future of the country? And the future of the world as USA has tremendous influence over many countries. It is in a position to pressurize them on various counts overtly and covertly. Where this country is heading for when the foundation stone of democracy and free-enterprise is in fact its headstone? Human values have vanished from the democratic framework. The values that assure the dignity of the individual and the economic freedom in the real sense of the term, without any deception, are the important pre requisites for the avowed objective of the UN, â€Å"The World is one Family. † Many specialized ‘isms’ have failed to achieve this objective. The history of the past few decades has witnessed the doomed failure of such philosophies. Only noble individuals can build a noble Nation. Only when the thought process of an individual changes, the action process also changes! When the thoughts are changed, the mind is changed; when the mind is changed, the man is changed; when the man is changed, the society is changed; when the society is changed, the nation is changed. Only such changed Nations will be in a position to say, â€Å"The World is one Family. † The pages of human history daubed in bloodshed pose a crying question. How to make this Planet on Earth heaven like? The answer is simple and direct. Eyes full of understanding, heart full of love, and the life that refuses conflicts –these alone are enough! In the paragraph cited above the negative qualities of Perkins are being awarded and the process is not going to build a bureaucracy or any type of force/institution based on truth and for human welfare. Such an agency will be utilized for subversive activities, dubious dealings and cunning machinations. â€Å"From the beginning to end, communism was never a legal action; it was illegitimated. They controlled the freedom of politic, social, culture, and economic. As the economic situation worsened, so did the people’s support for the communism. †(Article: Failure†¦)As for the failure of the ‘ism’s and corrupted versions of the surviving ones, E. F. Schumacher writes, â€Å"What is at stake is not economics but culture; not the standard of living but the equality of life. Economics and the standard of living can just as well be looked after by a capitalist system, moderated by a bit of planning and redistributive taxation. But culture and, generally, the quality of life, can now only are debased by such a system. †(Schumacher, p. 243) The need of the hour is, the administrative machinery and politics needs to be spiritualized. And that is not possible by hiring recruits to the type of training sought to be given to Perkins. â€Å"The main thing is a transformation of the spiritual climate, a new feeling for the difficulty and the nobility of being human, an all-pervasive fundamental disposition shared by everyone, and acknowledged by everyone within himself as the supreme judge. To the genesis and establishment of that disposition poets and artists, imperceptibly working through the depth and breadth of society, can make some contribution. But it is not something that can be taught and created; it must be experienced and suffered. † (Glaysher†¦. ) The problem of the day is squads of hit men are attached to departments, important ministries, defense establishments and it is they who run the administration and take important decisions in all the countries—without exception! And men like Perkins are part of such a system and after retirement they venture to write sensational books, yet again to make millions of dollars! The best alternative would have been to resign before retirement and then expose the administration. Not after enjoying all the benefits and perquisites provided by the administration and then confess the ‘guilt! ’ Perkins claims that he was threatened and bribed in an effort to kill his writing project†¦What is wrong in it? Perkins was engaged in similar exercises before. Where he was hiding his conscience then? A quote from an article, Complexity Digest, â€Å"Different (human) cultures and social groups have developed different levels of tolerance towards lying and cheating. Whereas in some cultures, being caught in a lie implies â€Å"loosing face† and considerable social consequences, in other cultures learning how to lie effectively as a child has a strong correlation with later success in economic and social standing in society. Complications and confusions, as consequences of not telling the truth, are considered funny Honesty, and are a continued source of entertainment in US sitcom TV shows like â€Å"Seinfeld†. (Honesty†¦) How true! Perkins must be recalling the experience of his first interview! References Cited: Perkins, John: Book: Confessions of an Economic Hit man Paperback: 320 pages Publisher: Plume (December 27, 2005) Language: English ISBN-10: 0452287081 ISBN-13: 978-0452287082 Schumacher, E. F: Book: Small is beautiful-a study of Economics as if People Mattered. (Part III, Chapter 3, p,243)Indian Edition Publisher: Radha Kishna, 2 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 Glaysher, Frederick: Article: The Victory of World Governance –To meet that objective, the nations of the world will either have a plan or†¦.. UNO, www. fglaysher. com/WorldGov. htm – 61k – Cached –Retrieved on November 3, 2007. Article: Honesty, its importance for scientific advances. The importance of honesty in science: Regulation by formal bureaucracy will not work when the organizations employing the scientists have vested†¦ Complexity Digest dated October 23, 2000. personal. ee. surrey. ac. uk/Personal/D. Jefferies/ttruth. html – 23k – Cached – Retrieved on November 3, 2007. Article: The Failure of Communism In Eastern Europe essays. www. megaessays. com/viewpaper/86270. html – Retrieved on November 3, 2007.

Challenging Inequity . I Saw A Great Establishment Of

Challenging Inequity: I saw a great establishment of classroom community, ethics and equity during my recent practicum experience with years three and four. The school regulations and policies concerning equity were established in the classroom and reinforced from the very start. These rules and regulations established were visually accessible within the classroom for all students and were reiterated orally throughout the day. Regulations around equity also engendered expectations for/of teachers. The expectations placed on teachers were of a high standard to assure that all students were receiving the very best learning experience possible in a tailored and targeted way, for their individual learning and achievement. Equity establishment†¦show more content†¦Providing contexts for learning where the language, identity and culture of MÄ ori learners and their whÄ nau is affirmed† (p.2), one of which alludes to the existence of equity reform and progression. Likewise, teachers can expand on this key competency, and cater a wide range of substantial contexts for all learners of various cultural backgrounds and diversities, to affirm the motion of equity within the classroom and across the different curriculum areas. It is safe to say that my experience provided me with the insight of equity promotion, rather than the motion of challenging inequity Creating a learning focused, respectful and supportive classroom environment: During my practicum experience, I saw my Associate Teacher establish a really good classroom culture and environment, that gave students a sense of belonging and acceptance. This Environment that my Associate Teacher created, allowed students to freely connect with and engage in their learning through discussion and written language, which provided them with a sense of safety and positivity needed in order to set them up for success (MOE, 2007). Students entered the classroom every morning with confidence and ease, knowing that they were in an environment where learning was key, and the equity of respect and support for others played just as important roles too. The conduct in classrooms as well as school rules andShow MoreRelatedA Step Toward Improvement Of Women s Rights2278 Words   |  10 Pages Alice Paul, founder of The National Women’s Party fought for women’s suffrage. Rosa Parks, known as the mother of the freedom, was an African-American civil rights activi st. Sojourner Truth delivered a speech known as â€Å"Ain’t I a Woman† which talks about inequities for women. These women have allowed their ideas on equal rights to influence the United States for generations to come. 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